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- **********************************
- * Signal peptidases I signatures *
- **********************************
-
- Signal peptidases (SPases) [1] (also known as leader peptidases) remove the
- signal peptides from secretory proteins. In prokaryotes three types of SPases
- are known: type I (gene lepB) which is responsible for the processing of the
- majority of exported pre-proteins; type II (gene lsp) which only process
- lipoproteins, and a third type involved in the processing of pili subunits.
-
- SPase I (EC 3.4.99.36) is an integral membrane protein that is anchored in the
- cytoplasmic membrane by one (in B. subtilis) or two (in E. coli) N-terminal
- transmembrane domains with the main part of the protein protuding in the
- periplasmic space. Two residues have been shown [2,3] to be essential for the
- catalytic activity of SPase I: a serine and an lysine.
-
- SPase I is evolutionary related to THE yeast mitochondrial inner membrane
- proteases 1 and 2 (gene IMP1 and IMP2) which catalyze the removal of signal
- peptides required for the targeting of proteins from the mitochondrial matrix,
- across the inner membrane, into the inter-membrane space [4].
-
- In eukaryotes the removal of signal peptides is effected by an oligomeric
- enzymatic complex composed of at least five subunits: the signal peptidase
- complex (SPC). The SPC is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Two
- components of mammalian SPC, the 18 Kd (SPC18) and the 21 Kd (SPC21) subunits
- as well as the yeast SEC11 subunit have been shown [5] to share regions of
- sequence similarity with prokaryotic SPases I and yeast IMP1/IMP2.
-
- We have developed three signature patterns for these proteins. The first
- signature contains the putative active site serine, the second signature
- contains the putative active site lysine which is not conserved in the SPC
- subunits, and the third signature corresponds to a conserved region of unknown
- biological significance which is located in the C-terminal section of all
- these proteins.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [GS]-[GDE]-S-M-x-P-[AT]-[LF]
- [S is an active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: K-R-[LIVMSTA](2)-G-[LIVM]-P-G-D-x-[LIVM]
- [K is an active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL SPases I
- from prokaryotes as well as yeast IMP1.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVMFYW](2)-x(2)-G-D-N-x(3)-[SND]-x(2)-[SG]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 4.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: von Heijne G.
- gvh@csb.ki.se
- Dalbey R.E.
- rdalbey@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Dalbey R.E., von Heijne G.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 17:474-478(1992).
- [ 2] Sung M., Dalbey R.E.
- J. Biol. Chem. 267:13154-13159(1992).
- [ 3] Black M.T.
- J. Bacteriol. 175:4957-4961(1993).
- [ 4] Nunnari J., Fox T.D., Walter P.
- Science 262:1997-2004(1993).
- [ 5] van Dijl J.M., de Jong A., Vehmaanpera J., Venema G., Bron S.
- EMBO J. 11:2819-2828(1992).
-